Tag: #thefuture

Electric Vehicle

What are the needs of future transportation?
The future of transportation will thus focus on its decarbonization Cities will promote bicycling and electric mass transit systems at the expense of individual cars; climate change will disrupt current disrupters like Uber, since the proliferation of individual rides is too energy intensive and leads to intolerable. We can resurgence due to technological developments, and an increased focus on renewable energy.

What is an electric vehicle?  

An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle that uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for propulsion. An electric vehicle may be powered through a collector system by electricity from off-vehicle sources, or may be self-contained with a battery, solar panels or an electric generator to convert fuel to electricity. EVs include, but are not limited to, road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater vessels, electric aircraft and electric spacecraft.

EVs first came into existence in the mid-19th century, when electricity was among the preferred methods for motor vehicle propulsion, providing a level of comfort and ease of operation that could not be achieved by the gasoline cars of the time. Modern internal combustion engines have been the dominant propulsion method for motor vehicles for almost 100 years, but electric power has remained commonplace in other vehicle types, such as trains and smaller vehicles of all types.

The Hyperloop This future mode of transportation is designed for longer haul transportation between cities, countries or even continents. The principle of the Hyperloop is based on the movement of people in capsules or pods that travel and high speeds though tubes over long distances.

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)

Also known as Extended-Range Electric Vehicles (EREVs), this type of EV is powered by both petrol and electricity.

PHEVs can recharge the battery through both regenerative braking and ‘plugging-in’ to an external electrical charging outlet. In EREVs the petrol engine extends the range of the car by also recharging the battery as it gets low.

They are expensive and hard to maintain
In the real world, PHEVs are expensive, their fuel economy on motorway journeys is not very good, they are complex to maintain, have raised concerns about their battery life, and their resale value is uncertain. To many buyers, plug-in hybrids cause anxiety and are considered to be relatively complicated. Charging a PHEV is also time-consuming. Just like smartphones have varying charger connectors, PHEVs have the same problem with charger connectors having style variations making it difficult for other PHEVs to charge on certain stations.

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)

HEVs are powered by both petrol and electricity. The electric energy is generated by the car’s own braking system to recharge the battery. This is called ‘regenerative braking’, a process where the electric motor helps to slow the vehicle and uses some of the energy normally converted to heat by the brakes.

HEVs start off using the electric motor, then the petrol engine cuts in as load or speed rises. The two motors are controlled by an internal computer which ensures the best economy for the driving conditions.

Regenerative Braking
An HEV cannot plug in to off-board sources of electricity to charge the battery. Instead, the vehicle uses regenerative braking and the internal combustion engine to charge. The vehicle captures energy normally lost during braking by using the electric motor as a generator and storing the captured energy in the battery.

The Honda Civic Hybrid and Toyota Camry Hybrid are both examples of HEVs.

Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)

BEVs are fully electric vehicles, meaning they are only powered by electricity and do not have a petrol engine, fuel tank or exhaust pipe. BEVs are also known as ‘plug-in’ EVs as they use an external electrical charging outlet to charge the battery.

The electric-vehicle market made big gains in 2019, across multiple car manufacturers – and the industry has even bigger plans for the years to come.

Rivian, for example, closed out the year with an extra $1.3 billion in investments. Tesla turned a profit,debuted the Cybertruck, delivered the first Model 3s built in its Shanghai plant, and announced a boosted range on its Model S and Model X. On the luxury end of the spectrum, the Audi E-Tron went up for sale,Porsche started production on the laycan performance car,and Lamborghini announced its first hybrid super car.

Increasingly restrictive emissions and fuel-efficiency regulations around the globe – but not so much in the US – are compelling carmakers to roll out vehicles more able to fit within those restrictions. Accordingly, in recent years, manufacturers have advertised a whirlwind of plans and timelines for bringing more EVs to market.

Internet in space : Bringing Wi-Fi to the Earth orbit, the Moon and Mars

If space has always been an enigma for mankind, then the moon has always served as the first post for any attempt at understanding or exploring deeper space. All ventures into outer space, ranging from exploratory fly-bys to managed flights, have first been tried out of the moon . Space research is also moving into larger-scale simulations using powerful infact given the high cost, and often the impracticablity of conducting live experiments, space research had moved into computer-based simulation long before most other streams.

Everything from flight paths of futer rockets to the theories on the origin of the universe and its evolution are today computer simulated. Consider the case of the magnetic field around a planet. let take the moon as our example the moon’s magnetic field is very feeble when compared to that of the earth. Also unlike on the earth, it varies widely from point to point. This much is known from the measurements taken by spacecraft that flew by or landed on the moon.

Internet in Mars

The Internet is slated to go over and above this world, the first target being Mars, followed by Jupiter and then moon. This idea of taking the Internet to the space comes from the need for a low cost high reliability inter planetary network. It is not that there was no communication earlier. When countries started sending probes into the space, each used a unique set of protocols to communicate with the earth. This was done using the deep space network (DSN) developed by NASA. Since these probes have communicated with same ground stations, the need for common protocol increased with time. Taking the internet to space is the offshoot of this need for standardization. The inter planetary network (IPN), a part of jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), is managing this program.

But how will this be implemented ?

One can plan how the internet will work on the earth because Of its fixed size and the fixed positions on which the data has to travel. Now, for the implementation on the planets will be connected through individual dedicated gateways. The individual networks can follow their own protocols, but these protocols will end at the gateway. By keeping the internet of all the planets separate engineers will not have to make long service calls. Besides they will not have to send a database of 20-million dotcom names to mars periodically

These gateways will work on a bundle based protocol, which will reside over the transport layer to carry data from one gateway to another. This gateway may not be on the surface of a planetary body, it can be a spacecraft in orbit too. At the moment a bundle protocol will be needed because the data will need to travel huge distances, and sending small packets of data may not be feasible. Instead, this data will be collected and sent in a bundle, as a big burst of data, to the next gateway.

Future Communication Solutions for Space

The new space renaissance witnessed around the globe in recent years has spurred innovations in telecommunications in space. Both private entities and government agencies are exploring news ways to communicate with space assets:

ATLAS’S FIRST COMMERCIAL DEEP SPACE NETWORK & LASER COMMUNICATION

Private company ATLAS operates a satellite ground network for communication services in the UHF, S, X and Ka-band frequencies. ATLAS has developed a proprietary cloud platform that enables low latency machine-to-machine (M2M) communications using the REST web standard. The company is currently working with NASA to develop a portable ground station network using an internet-managed antenna system developed by ATLAS.

ATLAS is also developing a deep space communication relay network. The Interplanetary Satellite Communications Network (ISCN) will likely become the first commercially-available deep space network, though the company hasn’t held a technology demonstration for the network yet.

Solstar’s Wi-Fi in Space

Solstar is a private startup that’s working to develop in-flight wireless connectivity for future suborbital and orbital flights. The company has developed the Schmitt Space Communicator, a small, sturdy router designed to withstand extreme conditions of spaceflight in order to provide wireless internet connectivity aboard a rocket.

The Future of Internet in Space

The future is bright for the networking technology supporting space exploration. The LCRD mission, for example, is slated to launch in 2019, which will further test laser communications between ground stations and spacecraft. Astrobotic’s first mission to the Moon will see laser communication data rates of 1Gbps to the earth using ATLAS’s laser technology. NASA and MIT researchers have developed laser based long distance internet . The team made history by transmitting data over the 384,633 kilometers between the moon and the earth at a download rate of 622 megabits speed which is quite amusing so far all the people struggling to get a good internet speed this would be helpful.